Coal tar shampoo: Benefits, uses and side effects you should know before use
New Delhi: Coal tar shampoo is a medicated shampoo used to manage scalp conditions such as dandruff, psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis. It contains coal tar, a by-product of coal processing that helps regulate excessive skin-cell growth. In India, where heat, humidity and sweating can contribute to scalp discomfort, this shampoo may be useful for certain scalp conditions. Understanding its benefits, correct usage, and potential side effects can help you use it safely.
How coal tar shampoo works
Coal tar slows the rapid turnover of skin cells, which contributes to scaling in conditions such as scalp psoriasis. It also softens thick scales, making them easier to remove during washing, and may help reduce itching and inflammation.
However, not all dandruff has the same cause. Since the yeast Malassezia is associated with many cases of dandruff, an antifungal shampoo may be more suitable for some people.
Benefits of coal tar shampoo
1. Helps manage persistent dandruff: Coal tar shampoo can reduce flaking and itching, particularly when excessive skin-cell turnover contributes to these symptoms.
2. Supports scalp psoriasis treatment: It helps loosen thick, scaly patches associated with psoriasis, making them easier to wash away. Regular use may improve scalp comfort.
3. Helps control seborrhoeic dermatitis: This condition causes greasy scales, redness and itching on the scalp and sometimes around the eyebrows and nose. Coal tar can help manage the associated scaling.
4. Provides ongoing symptom control: Some users experience relief between washes. Results vary depending on the condition, product formulation and frequency of use.
How to use coal tar shampoo effectively for best results
Follow these steps for appropriate use:
Read the label: Check the active ingredient, concentration and usage instructions.
Wet your hair thoroughly: Ensure the scalp is completely wet before application.
Massage gently: Apply the shampoo to affected areas, avoiding the eyes and face.
Leave it on as directed: Follow the recommended contact time on the product label. Some formulations require a few minutes.
Rinse thoroughly: Remove all residue to minimise irritation.
Follow the recommended frequency: Depending on the formulation and scalp condition, use may range from once to several times a week. Do not increase frequency without medical advice.
Avoid applying coal tar shampoo to broken or infected skin unless a doctor recommends it.
Possible side effects and safety precautions
- Coal tar shampoo is generally tolerated when used correctly, but some people may experience:
- Scalp irritation, redness or a burning sensation.
- Dryness or increased scalp sensitivity.
- Temporary discolouration of light-coloured, bleached or grey hair.
- Staining of towels, clothing or bedding.
- Increased sensitivity to sunlight in some individuals.
- Discontinue use and seek medical advice if you develop severe irritation, swelling or a worsening rash.
Important safety notes for using coal tar shampoo.
Protect your scalp from the sun: India’s strong sunlight can make sun precautions particularly relevant. If your scalp becomes more sensitive after use, avoid prolonged direct exposure and consider wearing a hat outdoors.
Choose products carefully: Buy from reputable pharmacies, check the expiry date and follow the instructions for the specific formulation. Concentrations and directions may differ between products.
Know when to consult a dermatologist: Seek professional advice if symptoms persist despite treatment or if you develop painful patches, bleeding, pus or noticeable hair loss. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before regular use.
Coal tar shampoo can help manage scaling and itching associated with certain scalp conditions. Choosing the right treatment for the underlying cause and following product instructions are essential for safe, effective use.
(By Dr Shireen Furtado, Sr Consultant, Medical & Cosmetic Dermatology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore)
Disclaimer: This article is written by the doctor mentioned above. This is for informational purposes. The findings should not be considered medical advice or used for self-diagnosis or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised guidance.