World Sickle Cell Day 2026: Haematologist explains how sickle-shaped cells damage organs and trigger pain crises
New Delhi: Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects the structure and function of red blood cells, leading to long-term health complications. In this condition, red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, breaking down earlier than normal and reducing oxygen supply in the body. Doctors say this can result in anaemia, fatigue, weakness, slowed growth and damage to vital organs over time.
The abnormal cells can also block small blood vessels, triggering severe pain episodes and further complications. While the condition is present from birth, early symptoms such as tiredness and mild pain are often overlooked by families until more serious health issues appear. On , celebrated on June 19, a medical expert stresses the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment to reduce risks and improve outcomes for patients living with the condition and ensure better long-term disease management.
Sickle cell disease: How blood cells affect body
Dr Chandrakala S, Senior Consultant – Haematology, SPARSH Hospital, Bangalore, explained that sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder in which red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped. She noted that these abnormal cells break down early, leading to anaemia, fatigue, weakness, reduced growth and potential end-organ damage. The doctor added that sickle-shaped cells can block small blood vessels, resulting in severe painful crises and damage to vital organs.
Sickle cell disease: Symptoms and warning signs
According to Dr Chandrakala S, many children and families often overlook early symptoms such as fatigue, tiredness and pain. She warned that delaying medical attention can allow complications to progress and become more serious over time. The doctor stressed that certain symptoms require immediate medical care.
These include:
Chest pain
Difficulty in breathing
Confusion
Difficulty in speaking
Weakness of an arm or a leg
She said these signs can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
How to diagnosis sickle cell disease
Dr Chandrakala S said bone marrow transplant remains the curative treatment option for sickle cell disease. She also highlighted that simple blood tests, such as haemoglobin electrophoresis or HPLC, can help in early diagnosis and identify both patients and carriers of the sickle cell gene. Doctors emphasise that early detection through simple tests and timely medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes and reduce complications in sickle cell disease.